First Person in India

First Person in India ● First Governor-General of Independent India—Lord Lewis Mountbatten ● Indian Governor-General of Independent India—Chakravarti Rajgopalachari ● Chief of the Indian Armed Forces—General K. M. Carriappa ● Field Marshall—General S. H. F. J. Manekshaw ● President—Dr. Rajendra Prasad ● Vice-President—Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan ● Prime-Minister—Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru ● Non-Congress Prime-Minister—Atal Behari Bajpai ● British Governor-General of Bengal—Warren-Hastings ● Space traveller—S. Leader-Rakesh Sharma ● I. C. S.—Satendra Nath Tagore ● Swimmer who crossed over the English channel by swimming—Mihir Sen ● Raman-Magsaysay awardee—Acharya Vinoba Bhave ● Novel prize winner—Rabindra Nath Tagore ● President of National Congress—Vyomesh Chand Banerjee ● Chairman of Lok Sabha—G. B. Mavlankar ● Chief Election Commissioner—Sukumar Sen ● Indian Chairman in International Court—Justice Dr. Nagendra Singh ● Foreigner awardee of Bharat Ratna—Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan ● Leader of the Indian Antarctica Mission—Dr. Syed Zahuv Quasim ● Chief Justice of Supreme Court—Justice Hiralal J. Kaniya ● Awarded with ‘Bharat Ratnas’—Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, Chakravarti Rajgopalachari, Sir C. B. Raman ● Posthumally Bharat Ratna Awardee—Lal Bahadur Shastri ● Person awarded Bhartiya-Gyan-Peeth Purskar—G. Shankar Kurup (Malayalam–1965) ● Successful Surgeon who transplanted heart—Dr. P. Venugopal ● Successful heart transplanted person—Devi Ram (1994) ● President of National Human Rights Commission—Justice Rangnath Mishra ● Hindi Literature person-awarded Bhartiya Gyan Peeth Purskar—Sumitra Nandan Pant (1968) ● Indian who won the World Billiard award—Wilson Jans ● Indian who won the Grammy award—Pt. Ravi Shankar ● Person delivered the Lecture in Hindi in U.N.O.— Atal Behari Bajpai (1977) ● Indian member in British House of Commons— Dada Bhai Naoroji (1892) ● First President of Indian Science Congress—Sir Asutosh Mukherjee ● Mountaineer who scaled Mount Everest 8 times—Sherpa-Augarita ● Writer who was awarded ‘Vyas Samman’—Ramvilas Sharma ● Indian Managing Director of World Bank—Gautam Kazi ● Player awarded ‘Padam Bhusan’—C. K. Naidu ● Indian players played Davis Cup—M. Salim and S. M. Jacob (Singles), A. A. Faiyaz and L. S. Dare (Doubles) (1921) ● Indian player who played the test cricket—K. S. Ranjeet Single (from England) ● Scientist elected for Lok Sabha—Dr. Meghnad Saha ● Scientist awarded Ghanshyam Das Birla award—Prof. Ashish Datta (1991) ● Literature who was awarded Murti Devi Purskar—C. K. Nagraj Rao (1993)
● Person, who became High Commission in Great Britain—V. K. Krishna-Menon ● Indian who was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize—Dr. Safuddin Kichlu (1952) ● First Indian who contested the election for British Parliament—Lal Mohan Ghose ● An Indian, appointed the judge of High Court, during the British period—Ram Prasad Ram ● Indian member of Viceroy Executive Council—Sir. S. P. Sinha ● Chairman of Finance Commission—K. C. Niogi ● Indian member of American Congress—Deleep Singh ● Bowler who made hat-trick in Test Cricket—Harbhajan Singh ● Batsman who made 300 runs in test Cricket—Virendra Sehwag ● First Marshal of Indian Air Force—Arjan Singh ● First Indian who individually won the Gold medel in Olympic games—Abhinav Bindra ● First Indian who won the Bronze medel in Boxing in Olympic games—Vijendra Kumar

First in India

First in India
1. British Governor General of Bengal -
Warren Hastings
2. Governor General of Independent India –
Lord Mountbatten
3. Commander-in-chief of Free India General –
Roy Bucher
4. Cosmonaut –
Sqn. Ldr. Rakesh Sharma
5. Emperor of Moghul Dynasty in India –
Babar
6. Field Marshal –
S. H. F. J. Manekshaw
7. Indian Governor General of Indian Union –
C. Rajagopalachari
8. Indian I.C.S. Officer –
Satyendra Nath Tagore
9. Indian Member of Viceroy’s Executive Council –
Sri S.P. Sinha
10. Indian to swim across English Channel –
Mihir Sen
11. Indian woman to swim across-EnglishChannel –
Miss Arati Saha
12. Man to climb Mount Everest –
Tenzing Norgay
13. Man to climb Mount Everest without Oxygen –
Phu Dorjee
14. Man to climb Mount Everest twice –
Nwang Gombu
15. Nobel Prize winner –
Rabindra Nath Tagore
16. President of Indian National Congress –
W. C. Banerjee
17. President of Indian Republic -
Dr. Rajendra Prasad
18. Talkie Film –
Alam Ara (1931)
19. Test Tube Baby (Documented) –
Indira
20. Viceroy of India –
Lord Canning
21. Woman Minister of Indian Union –
Rajkumari Amrit Kaur
22. Woman Chief Minister of State –
Mrs. Sucheta Kriplani
23. Woman Governor –
Mrs. Sarojini Naidu
24. Woman President of Indian National Congress –
Dr. Annie Besant
25. Woman Prime Minister –
Mrs. Indira Gandhi
26. Woman Speaker of a State Assembly –
Mrs. Shanno Devi
27. Prime Minister of India –
Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru
28. Muslim President of Indian Union –
Dr. Zakir Hussain
29. Speaker of Lok Sabha –
G. V. Mavlankar
30. Woman to climb mount Everest –
Bachhendri Pal
31. Woman Judge in Supreme Court –
Mrs. Meera Sahib Fatima Biwi
32. Woman Chief Justice of a High Court –
Smt. Leela Seth
33. Indian Woman to go in space (Now U.S. Citizen) –
Kalpana Chawla
34. The first Indian weightlifter to win bronze medal in Olympics -
Karnam Malleshwari (Sydney, in 2000)
35. The First Indian World Chess Champion –
Vishwanathan Anand
36. India’s first paperless Newspaper –
The News Today (Launched on Jan. 3, 2001)
37. India’s First woman Merchant Navy Officer –
Sonali Banerjee
38. The first Dalit Speaker of the Lok Sabha –
G. M. C. Balyogi
39. The first Vice-President of India to die in harness –
Krishna Kant
40. The first Indian woman cricketer to score double century –
Mithali Raj (August 2002 playing against England)
41. The first woman Air Vice-Marshal –
P. Bandopadhyaya
42. The first Indian to be appointed as United Nations Civilian Police Advisor –
Ms. Kiran Bedi
43. The first astronaut of Indian origin to perish aboard U.S. space shuttle in a tragic accident –
Dr. Kalpana Chawla (Columbia space shuttle, Feb. I, 2003)
44. The first woman to be appointed Deputy Governor of Reserve Bank of India-
K.J. Udeshi (appointed on June 10, 2003)
45. The first Indian girl to register a win in a Wimbledon tournament –
Sania Mirza (2003)
46. The first Indian lady to win a medal in World Athletic Championship –
Anju Bobby George (Aug. 2003)
47. The first woman Chairman and Managing Director of NABARD –
Mrs. Ranjana Kumar
48. The highest individual test scorer of India –
Virendra Sehwag ( 319 runs against Sauth africa)
49. The first Indian cricketer to make double centuries five times-
Rahul Dravid
50. The first Orissa woman to top I.A.S. –
Smt. Roopa Misra (Indian Civil Services Exam., 2003)
51. The first Sikh Prime Minister of India –
Dr. Manmohan Singh
52. The first woman Director General of Police of a State –
Kanchan C. Bhattacharya (DGP Uttaranchal)
53. The first woman to be appointed as
MeeriJ Borwankar (took over as crime
the crime branch chief –
branch chief of Mumbai police)
54. The first woman to reach the rank of Lt. General in the Indian army –
Puneeta Arora (Commandant, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune)
55. The first Indian to cross seven important seas by swimming –
Bula Chaudhury
56. The first woman to become Indian Air Force’s first woman Air Marshal –
Air Marshal Padma Bandhopadhyay
57. The first youngest MP, at the age of 25 years –
Dharmendra Yadav (Mainpuri : Samajwadi Party MP)
58. India’s first woman athlete to win WTA open Tennis title –
Sania Mirza (Feb. 2005, Hyderabad)
59. The first Indian to set a world record of ever having reached the highest of heights yet in a hot balloon –
Vijaypath Singhania (Nov. 26, 2005. 69852 ft.)
60. The first wonder child of Orissa only about 4 years and a half of age completes a race of 65 km. -
Budhia (May 2006)
61. The first woman Commissioner of Police of an Indian metro –
(Chennai Metro Police) Letika Saran
62. The first Indian to Ski to the North Pole –
Ajeet Bajaj (April 26, 2006)
63. The first sportsman ever to win Gold Medal in Shooting in the World Shooting Championship –
Abhinav Bindra (July 24, 2006)
64. The first person of Indian origin to win the Miss Great Britain title –
Preeti Desai (2006)
65. The first woman President of the Republic of India –
Pratibha Patil

Indian National Highways

Indian National Highways
NH NoPassing RouteLength (in Km)
1Delhi – Ambala – Ludhiana – Jalandhar – Amritsar – Indo-Pak Border456
1AJalandhar – Madhopur – Jammu – Udhampur – Banihal – Srinagar – Baramulla – Uri663
1BBatote – Doda – Kistwar – Symthan pass – Khanbal274
1CDomel – Katra8
1DSrinagar – Kargil – Leh422
2Delhi – Mathura – Agra – Kanpur – Allahabad – Varanasi – Mohania – Barhi – Palsit – Dankuni1,465
2ASikandra – Bhognipur25
2BBardhaman – Bolpur52
3Agra – Gwalior – Shivpuri – Indore – Dhule – Nasik – Thane – Mumbai1,161
4Junction with NH 3 near Thane – Pune – Belgaum – Hubli – Davangere – Bangalore – Kolar – Chittoor – Ranipet – Chennai1,235
4ABelgaum – Anmod – Ponda – Panaji153
4BNhava Sheva – Kalamboli – Palaspe27
5Junction with NH 6 near Baharagora – Cuttack – Bhubaneswar – Visakhapatnam – Vijayawada – Guntur – Ongole – Nellore – Gummidipoondi – Chennai1,533
5AJunction with NH 5 near Haridaspur – Paradip Port77
6Hazira – Surat – Dhule – Akola – Amravati – Nagpur – Raipur – Sambalpur – Baharagora – Kolkata1,949
7Varanasi – Mangawan – Rewa – Jabalpur – Lakhnadon – Nagpur – Hyderabad – Kurnool – Bangalore – Hosur – Krishnagiri – Dharmapuri – Salem – Namakkal – Karur – Dindigul – Madurai – Virudunagar – Tirunelveli – Kanyakumari2,369
7APalayamkottai – Tuticorin Port51
8Delhi – Jaipur – Ajmer – Udaipur – Ahmedabad – Vadodara – Surat – Mumbai1,428
8AAhmedabad – Limbdi – Morvi – Kandla – Mandvi473
8BBamanbore – Rajkot – Porbunder206
8CChiloda – Gandhinagar – Sarkhej46
8DJetpur – Somnath127
8ESomnath – Bhavnagar220
NEIAhmedabad – Vadodara Expressway93
9Pune – Solapur – Hyderabad – Vijayawada – Machillipatnam841
10Delhi – Fazilka – Indo-Pak Border403
11Agra – Jaipur – Bikaner582
11AManoharpur – Dausa – Lalsot – Kothum145
11BLalsot – Karauli – Dholpur180
12Jabalpur – Bhopal – Khilchipur – Aklera – Jhalawar – Kota – Bundi – Devli – Tonk – Jaipur890
12AJabalpur – Mandla – Chilpi – Simga near Raipur – Jhansi333
13Solapur – Chitradurga – Shimoga – Mangalore691
14Beawar – Sirohi – Radhanpur450
15Pathankot – Amritsar – Bhatinda – Ganganagar – Bikaner – Jaisalmer – Barmer – Samakhiali1,526
16Nizamabad – Mancherial – Bhopalpatnam – Jagdalpur460
17Panvel – Mahad – Panaji – Karwar – Udupi – Suratkal – Mangalore – Cannanore – Kozhikode – Ferokh – Pudu – Ponnani – Chavakkad – North Paravur Junction with NH 47 near Edapally at Cochin1,269
17AJunction with NH 17 near Cortalim – Murmugao19
17BPonda – Verna – Vasco40
18Junction with NH 7 near Kurnool – Nandyal – Cuddapah – Junction with NH 4 near Chittoor369
18APuthalapattu – Tirupati50
19Ghazipur – Balia – Patna240
20Pathankot – Mandi220
21Junction with NH 22 near Chandigarh – Ropar – Bilaspur – Mandi – Kullu – Manali323
21APinjore – Nalagarh – Swarghat65
22Ambala – Kalka – Shimla – Narkanda – Rampur – Indo China Border near Shipkila459
23Chas – Bokaro – Ranchi – Rourkela – Talcher – Junction with NH 42459
24Delhi – Moradabad – Bareilly – Lucknow438
24ABakshi Ka Talab – Chenhat (NH 28)17
25Lucknow – Kanpur – Jhansi – Shivpuri352
25AKm – 19 (NH 25) – Bakshi Ka Talab31
26Jhansi – Lakhnadon396
27Allahabad – Mangawan93
28Junction with NH 31 Near Barauni – Muzaffarpur – Pipra – Kothi – Gorakhpur – Lucknow570
28AJunction with NH 28 near Pipra – Kothi – Sagauli – Raxaul – Indo-Nepal Border68
28BChhapra – Bettiah – Lauriya – Bagaha – Junction with 28A at Chapwa121
28CBarabanki – Bahraich – Nanpara – Indo-Nepal Border184
29Gorakhpur – Ghazipur – Varanasi196
30Junction with NH 2 near Mohania – Patna – Bakhtiarpur230
30AFatuha – Chandi – Harnaut – Barh65
31Junction with NH 2 near Barhi – Bakhtiarpur – Mokameh – Purnea – Dalkhola – Siliguri – Sevok – Cooch Behar- North Salmara – Nalbari – Charali – Amingaon Junction with NH 371,125
31ASevok – Gangtok92
31BNorth Salmara – Junction with NH 37 near Jogighopa19
31CNear Galgalia – Bagdogra – Chalsa – Nagrakata – Goyerkata – Dalgaon – Hasimara – Rajabhat Khawa – Kochgaon – Sidili – Junction with NH 31 near Bijni235
32Junction with NH 2 near Gobindpur – Dhanbad – Chas – Jamshedpur179
33Junction with NH 2 near Barhi – Ranchi – Jamshedpur Junction with NH 6 near Baharagora352
34Junction with NH 31 near Dalkhola – Baharampur – Barasat – Dum Dum443
35Barasat – Bangaon – Petrapole on India–Bangladesh border61
36Nowgong – Dimapur (Manipur Road)170
37Junction with NH 31B near Goalpara – Guwahati – Jorabat – Kamargaon – Makum – Saikhoaghat680
37AKuarital – Junction with NH 52 near Tezpur23
38Makum – Ledo – Lekhapani54
39Numaligarh – Imphal – Palel – Indo Burma Border436
40Jorabat – Shillong – Indo Bangladesh Border near Dawki – Jowai216
41Junction with NH 6 near Kolaghat – Tamluk – Haldia Port51
42Junction with NH 6 Sambalpur Angul Junction with NH 5 near Cuttack261
43Raipur – Jagdalpur – Vizianagaram Junction with NH 5 near Natavalasa551
44Shillong – Passi – Badarpur – Agartala – Sabroom630
44AAizawl – Manu230
45Chennai – Tambaram – Tindivanam – Villupuram – Trichy – Manapparai – Dindigul- Periyakulam – Theni387
45AVillupuram – Pondicherry – Chidambaram – Nagapattinam190
45BTrichy – Viralimalai – Melur – Madurai – Tuticorin257
45CThe highway starting from its junction with NH 67 near Thanjavur – connecting Kumbakonam – Sethiyathope – Vadalur – Neyveli Township – Panruti and terminates near Vikravandi on NH-45159
46Krishnagiri – Ranipet132
47Salem – Bhavani – Coimbatore – Palghat – Trichur – Cochin – Quilon – Trivandrum – Nagercoil – Kanyakumari640
47AJunction with NH 47 at Kundanoor – Willington Island in Cochin6
47CJunction with NH 47 at Kalamassery – Vallarpadom ICTT in Cochin17
48Bangalore – Hassan – Mangalore328
49Cochin – Madurai – Dhanushkodi440
50Nasik – Junction with NH 4 near Pune192
51Paikan – Tura – Dalu149
52Baihata – Charali – Tezpur – Banderdewa – North Lakhimpur – Pasighat – Tezu – Sitapani Junction with NH 37 near Saikhoaghat850
52ABanderdewa – Itanagar – Gohpur57
52BKulajan – Dibrugarh31
53Junction with NH 44 near Badarpur – Jirighat – Silchar – Imphal320
54Dabaka – Lumding – Silchar – Aizwal – Tuipang850
54ATheriat – Lunglei9
54BVenus Saddle – Saiha27
55Siliguri – Darjeeling77
56Lucknow – Varanasi285
56AChenhat(NH 28) – Km16(NH 56)13
56BKm15(NH 56) – km 6(NH 2519
57Muzaffarpur – Darbhanga – Forbesganj – Purnea310
57AJunction of NH 57 near Forbesganj – Jogbani15
58Delhi – Ghaziabad – Meerut – Haridwar – Badrinath – Mana Pass538
59Ahmedabad – Godhra – Dhar – Indore350
59AIndore – Betul264
60Balasore – Kharagpur — Raniganj – Siuri – Moregram (junction at NH 34 )446
61Kohima – Wokha – Mokokchung – Jhanji240
62Damra – Baghmara – Dalu195
63Ankola – Hubli – Hospet – Gooty432
64Chandigarh – Rajpura – Patiala – Sangrur – Bhatinda – Dabwali256
65Ambala – Kaithal – Hissar – Fatehpur – Jodhpur – Pali690
66Pondy – Tindivanam – Gingee – Thiruvannamalai – Krishnagiri214
67Nagapattinam – Tiruchirapalli – Karur – Coimbatore – Mettupalayam – coonoor – Ooty – Gundlupet555
68Ulundrupet – Chinnasalem – Kallakkurichchi – Attur – vazhapadi – Salem134
69Nagpur – Obedullaganj350
70Jalandhar – Hoshiarpur – Hamirpur – Dharmapur – Mandi170
71Jalandhar – Moga – Sangrur -Jind- Rohtak – Rewari – Bawal307
71ARohtak – Panipat72
71BRewari – Dharuhera – Taoru – Sohna – Palwal74
72Ambala – Nahan – Paonta Sahib – Dehradun – Haridwar200
72AChhutmalpur – Biharigarh – Dehradun45
73Roorkee – Saharanpur – Yamuna Nagar – Saha – Panchkula188
74Haridwar – Nagina – Kashipur – Kichha – Pilibhit – Bareilly300
75Gwalior – Jhansi – Chhatarpur – Rewa – Renukut – Garhwa – Daltonganj – Ranchi955
76Pindwara – Udaipur – Mangalwar – Kota – Shivpuri – Jhansi – Banda – Allahabad1,007
77Hajipur – Sitamarhi – Sonbarsa142
78Katni – Shahdol – Ambikapur – Jashpurnagar – Gumla559
79Ajmer – Nasirabad – Neemuch – Mandsaur – Indore500
79AKishangarh(NH 8) – Nasirabad(NH 79)35
80Mokameh – Rajmahal – Farrakka310
81Kora – Katihar – Malda100
82Gaya – Bihar Sharif – Mokameh130
83Patna – Jahanabad – Gaya – Bodhgaya – Dhobi130
84Arrah – Buxar60
85Chhapra – Siwan – Gopalganj95
86Kanpur – Chhatarpur – Sagar – Bhopal – Dewas674
87Rampur – Pantnagar – Haldwani – Nainital83
88Shimla – Bilaspur – Hamirpur – Bhawan – NH 20115
90Baran – Aklera100
91Ghaziabad – Aligarh – Eta – Kannauj – Kanpur405
92Bhongaon – Etawah – Gwalior171
93Agra – Aligarh – Babrala – Chandausi – Moradabad220
94Hrishikesh – Ampata – Tehri – Dharasu – Kuthanur – Yamunotri160
95Kharar(Chandigarh) – Ludhiana – Jagraon – Ferozepur225
96Faizabad – Sultanpur – Pratapgarh – Allahabad160
97Ghazipur – Zamania – Saiyedraja45
98Patna – Aurangabad – Rajhara207
99Dobhi – Chatra – Chandwa110
100Chatra – Hazaribagh – Bagodar118
101Chhapra – Baniapur – Mohammadpur60
102Chhapra – Rewaghat – Muzaffarpur80
103Hajipur – Mushrigharari55
104Chakia – Sitamarhi – Jaynagar – Narahia160
105Darbhanga – Aunsi – Jaynagar66
106Birpur – Madhepura – Bihpur130
107Maheshkhunt – Sonbarsa Raj – Simri-Bakhtiarpur – Bariahi – Saharsa – Madhepura – Purnea145
108Dharasu – Uttarkashi – Yamunotri – Gangotri Dham127
109Rudraprayag – Guptkashi – Kedarnath Dham76
110Junction with NH 98 – Arwal – Jehanabad – Bandhuganj – Kako – Ekangarsarai Bihar Sharif – Junction with NH 3189
111Bilaspur – Katghora – Ambikapur on NH 78200
112Bar Jaitaran – Bilara – Kaparda – Jodhpur – Kalyanpur- Pachpadra – Baloootra – Tilwara – Bagundi – Dhudhwa – Madhasar – Barmer343
113Nimbahera – Bari – Pratapgarh – Zalod – Dahod240
114Jodhpur – Balesar – Dachhu – Pokaran180
116Tonk – Uniara – Sawai Madhopur80
117Haora – Bakkhali119
119Pauri – Najibabad – Meerut260
121Kashipur – Bubakhal252
123Barkot – Vikasnagar95
125Sitarganj – Pithorgarh201
150Aizwal – Churachandpur – Imphal – Ukhrul – Jessami – Kohima700
151Karimganj – Indo-Bangladesh border14
152Patacharkuchi – Indo-Bhutan Border40
153Ledo – Lekhapani – Indo-Myanmar – Border60
154Dhaleswar – Bairabi – Kanpui180
155Tuensang – Shamator – Meluri – Kiphire – Pfutsero342
200Raipur – Bilaspur – Raigarh – Kanaktora – Jharsuguda – Kochinda – Deoghar – Talcher – Chandikhole740
201Borigumma – Bolangir – Bargarh310
202Hyderabad – Warangal – Venkatapuram – Bhopalpatnam280
203Bhubaneswar – Puri59
204Ratnagiri – Kolhapur126
205Anantpur – Renigunta – Chennai442
206Tumkur – Shimoga – Honnavar363
207Hosur – Sarjapur – Devanhalli – Nelamangala155
208Kollam – kundara – kottarakkara – Punalur – Thenmala -Aryankavu – Sengottai – Tenkasi – Rajapalayam – Thirumangalam(Madurai)206
209Dindigul – Pollachi – Palani – Coimbatore – Annur – Kollegal – Bangalore456
210Trichy – Pudukottai – Devakottai – Ramanathapuram160
211Solapur – Osmanabad – Aurangabad – Dhule400
212Kozhikode – Mysore – Kollegal250
213Palghat – Kozhikode130
214Kathipudi – Kakinada – Pamarru270
214ADigamarru – Narsapur – Machilipatnam – Challapalle – Avanigadda – Repalle – Bapatla – Chirala – Ongole255
215Panikoili – Keonjhar – Rajamunda348
216Raigarh – Sarangarh – Saraipali80
217Raipur – Gopalpur508
218Bijapur – Hubli176
219Madanapalle – Kuppam – Krishnagiri150
220Kollam – Kottarakkara – Adoor – Kottayam – Pampady – Ponkunnam – Kanjirappalli – Mundakayam – Peermade – Vandiperiyar – Kumily – Theni265
221Vijaywada – Bhadrachalam – Jagdalpur329
222Kalyan – Ahmednagar – Tisgaon – Pathardi – Kharwandi – Balam Yelam – Jategaon – Kambi – Majalgaon – Pathri – Manwat – Parbhani – Nanded – Nirmal610
223Port Blair – Baratang – Mayabunder300
224Khordha – Nayagarh – Sonapur – Balangir298
226Perambalur – Manamadurai144
227Trichy – Chidambaram136
228Sabarmati Ashram – Nadiad – Anand – Surat – Navsari -Dandi374
229Tawang – Pasighat1,090
230Madurai – Thondi82
231Raibareli – Jaunpur169
232Ambedkarnagar (Tanda) – Banda305
232AUnnao – Lalganj (Junction of NH-232)68
233India-Nepal border – Varanasi292
234Mangalore – Belthangady – Belur – Huliyar – Sira – Chintamani – Venkatagirikota – Gudiyatham – Katpadi- Vellore – Thiruvannaamalai – Villuppuram [1]780
235Meerut – Hapur – Gulaothi – Bulandshahr66

national highway

Indian National Highways
NH NoPassing RouteLength (in Km)
1Delhi – Ambala – Ludhiana – Jalandhar – Amritsar – Indo-Pak Border456
1AJalandhar – Madhopur – Jammu – Udhampur – Banihal – Srinagar – Baramulla – Uri663
1BBatote – Doda – Kistwar – Symthan pass – Khanbal274
1CDomel – Katra8
1DSrinagar – Kargil – Leh422
2Delhi – Mathura – Agra – Kanpur – Allahabad – Varanasi – Mohania – Barhi – Palsit – Dankuni1,465
2ASikandra – Bhognipur25
2BBardhaman – Bolpur52
3Agra – Gwalior – Shivpuri – Indore – Dhule – Nasik – Thane – Mumbai1,161
4Junction with NH 3 near Thane – Pune – Belgaum – Hubli – Davangere – Bangalore – Kolar – Chittoor – Ranipet – Chennai1,235
4ABelgaum – Anmod – Ponda – Panaji153
4BNhava Sheva – Kalamboli – Palaspe27
5Junction with NH 6 near Baharagora – Cuttack – Bhubaneswar – Visakhapatnam – Vijayawada – Guntur – Ongole – Nellore – Gummidipoondi – Chennai1,533
5AJunction with NH 5 near Haridaspur – Paradip Port77
6Hazira – Surat – Dhule – Akola – Amravati – Nagpur – Raipur – Sambalpur – Baharagora – Kolkata1,949
7Varanasi – Mangawan – Rewa – Jabalpur – Lakhnadon – Nagpur – Hyderabad – Kurnool – Bangalore – Hosur – Krishnagiri – Dharmapuri – Salem – Namakkal – Karur – Dindigul – Madurai – Virudunagar – Tirunelveli – Kanyakumari2,369
7APalayamkottai – Tuticorin Port51
8Delhi – Jaipur – Ajmer – Udaipur – Ahmedabad – Vadodara – Surat – Mumbai1,428
8AAhmedabad – Limbdi – Morvi – Kandla – Mandvi473
8BBamanbore – Rajkot – Porbunder206
8CChiloda – Gandhinagar – Sarkhej46
8DJetpur – Somnath127
8ESomnath – Bhavnagar220
NEIAhmedabad – Vadodara Expressway93
9Pune – Solapur – Hyderabad – Vijayawada – Machillipatnam841
10Delhi – Fazilka – Indo-Pak Border403
11Agra – Jaipur – Bikaner582
11AManoharpur – Dausa – Lalsot – Kothum145
11BLalsot – Karauli – Dholpur180
12Jabalpur – Bhopal – Khilchipur – Aklera – Jhalawar – Kota – Bundi – Devli – Tonk – Jaipur890
12AJabalpur – Mandla – Chilpi – Simga near Raipur – Jhansi333
13Solapur – Chitradurga – Shimoga – Mangalore691
14Beawar – Sirohi – Radhanpur450
15Pathankot – Amritsar – Bhatinda – Ganganagar – Bikaner – Jaisalmer – Barmer – Samakhiali1,526
16Nizamabad – Mancherial – Bhopalpatnam – Jagdalpur460
17Panvel – Mahad – Panaji – Karwar – Udupi – Suratkal – Mangalore – Cannanore – Kozhikode – Ferokh – Pudu – Ponnani – Chavakkad – North Paravur Junction with NH 47 near Edapally at Cochin1,269
17AJunction with NH 17 near Cortalim – Murmugao19
17BPonda – Verna – Vasco40
18Junction with NH 7 near Kurnool – Nandyal – Cuddapah – Junction with NH 4 near Chittoor369
18APuthalapattu – Tirupati50
19Ghazipur – Balia – Patna240
20Pathankot – Mandi220
21Junction with NH 22 near Chandigarh – Ropar – Bilaspur – Mandi – Kullu – Manali323
21APinjore – Nalagarh – Swarghat65
22Ambala – Kalka – Shimla – Narkanda – Rampur – Indo China Border near Shipkila459
23Chas – Bokaro – Ranchi – Rourkela – Talcher – Junction with NH 42459
24Delhi – Moradabad – Bareilly – Lucknow438
24ABakshi Ka Talab – Chenhat (NH 28)17
25Lucknow – Kanpur – Jhansi – Shivpuri352
25AKm – 19 (NH 25) – Bakshi Ka Talab31
26Jhansi – Lakhnadon396
27Allahabad – Mangawan93
28Junction with NH 31 Near Barauni – Muzaffarpur – Pipra – Kothi – Gorakhpur – Lucknow570
28AJunction with NH 28 near Pipra – Kothi – Sagauli – Raxaul – Indo-Nepal Border68
28BChhapra – Bettiah – Lauriya – Bagaha – Junction with 28A at Chapwa121
28CBarabanki – Bahraich – Nanpara – Indo-Nepal Border184
29Gorakhpur – Ghazipur – Varanasi196
30Junction with NH 2 near Mohania – Patna – Bakhtiarpur230
30AFatuha – Chandi – Harnaut – Barh65
31Junction with NH 2 near Barhi – Bakhtiarpur – Mokameh – Purnea – Dalkhola – Siliguri – Sevok – Cooch Behar- North Salmara – Nalbari – Charali – Amingaon Junction with NH 371,125
31ASevok – Gangtok92
31BNorth Salmara – Junction with NH 37 near Jogighopa19
31CNear Galgalia – Bagdogra – Chalsa – Nagrakata – Goyerkata – Dalgaon – Hasimara – Rajabhat Khawa – Kochgaon – Sidili – Junction with NH 31 near Bijni235
32Junction with NH 2 near Gobindpur – Dhanbad – Chas – Jamshedpur179
33Junction with NH 2 near Barhi – Ranchi – Jamshedpur Junction with NH 6 near Baharagora352
34Junction with NH 31 near Dalkhola – Baharampur – Barasat – Dum Dum443
35Barasat – Bangaon – Petrapole on India–Bangladesh border61
36Nowgong – Dimapur (Manipur Road)170
37Junction with NH 31B near Goalpara – Guwahati – Jorabat – Kamargaon – Makum – Saikhoaghat680
37AKuarital – Junction with NH 52 near Tezpur23
38Makum – Ledo – Lekhapani54
39Numaligarh – Imphal – Palel – Indo Burma Border436
40Jorabat – Shillong – Indo Bangladesh Border near Dawki – Jowai216
41Junction with NH 6 near Kolaghat – Tamluk – Haldia Port51
42Junction with NH 6 Sambalpur Angul Junction with NH 5 near Cuttack261
43Raipur – Jagdalpur – Vizianagaram Junction with NH 5 near Natavalasa551
44Shillong – Passi – Badarpur – Agartala – Sabroom630
44AAizawl – Manu230
45Chennai – Tambaram – Tindivanam – Villupuram – Trichy – Manapparai – Dindigul- Periyakulam – Theni387
45AVillupuram – Pondicherry – Chidambaram – Nagapattinam190
45BTrichy – Viralimalai – Melur – Madurai – Tuticorin257
45CThe highway starting from its junction with NH 67 near Thanjavur – connecting Kumbakonam – Sethiyathope – Vadalur – Neyveli Township – Panruti and terminates near Vikravandi on NH-45159
46Krishnagiri – Ranipet132
47Salem – Bhavani – Coimbatore – Palghat – Trichur – Cochin – Quilon – Trivandrum – Nagercoil – Kanyakumari640
47AJunction with NH 47 at Kundanoor – Willington Island in Cochin6
47CJunction with NH 47 at Kalamassery – Vallarpadom ICTT in Cochin17
48Bangalore – Hassan – Mangalore328
49Cochin – Madurai – Dhanushkodi440
50Nasik – Junction with NH 4 near Pune192
51Paikan – Tura – Dalu149
52Baihata – Charali – Tezpur – Banderdewa – North Lakhimpur – Pasighat – Tezu – Sitapani Junction with NH 37 near Saikhoaghat850
52ABanderdewa – Itanagar – Gohpur57
52BKulajan – Dibrugarh31
53Junction with NH 44 near Badarpur – Jirighat – Silchar – Imphal320
54Dabaka – Lumding – Silchar – Aizwal – Tuipang850
54ATheriat – Lunglei9
54BVenus Saddle – Saiha27
55Siliguri – Darjeeling77
56Lucknow – Varanasi285
56AChenhat(NH 28) – Km16(NH 56)13
56BKm15(NH 56) – km 6(NH 2519
57Muzaffarpur – Darbhanga – Forbesganj – Purnea310
57AJunction of NH 57 near Forbesganj – Jogbani15
58Delhi – Ghaziabad – Meerut – Haridwar – Badrinath – Mana Pass538
59Ahmedabad – Godhra – Dhar – Indore350
59AIndore – Betul264
60Balasore – Kharagpur — Raniganj – Siuri – Moregram (junction at NH 34 )446
61Kohima – Wokha – Mokokchung – Jhanji240
62Damra – Baghmara – Dalu195
63Ankola – Hubli – Hospet – Gooty432
64Chandigarh – Rajpura – Patiala – Sangrur – Bhatinda – Dabwali256
65Ambala – Kaithal – Hissar – Fatehpur – Jodhpur – Pali690
66Pondy – Tindivanam – Gingee – Thiruvannamalai – Krishnagiri214
67Nagapattinam – Tiruchirapalli – Karur – Coimbatore – Mettupalayam – coonoor – Ooty – Gundlupet555
68Ulundrupet – Chinnasalem – Kallakkurichchi – Attur – vazhapadi – Salem134
69Nagpur – Obedullaganj350
70Jalandhar – Hoshiarpur – Hamirpur – Dharmapur – Mandi170
71Jalandhar – Moga – Sangrur -Jind- Rohtak – Rewari – Bawal307
71ARohtak – Panipat72
71BRewari – Dharuhera – Taoru – Sohna – Palwal74
72Ambala – Nahan – Paonta Sahib – Dehradun – Haridwar200
72AChhutmalpur – Biharigarh – Dehradun45
73Roorkee – Saharanpur – Yamuna Nagar – Saha – Panchkula188
74Haridwar – Nagina – Kashipur – Kichha – Pilibhit – Bareilly300
75Gwalior – Jhansi – Chhatarpur – Rewa – Renukut – Garhwa – Daltonganj – Ranchi955
76Pindwara – Udaipur – Mangalwar – Kota – Shivpuri – Jhansi – Banda – Allahabad1,007
77Hajipur – Sitamarhi – Sonbarsa142
78Katni – Shahdol – Ambikapur – Jashpurnagar – Gumla559
79Ajmer – Nasirabad – Neemuch – Mandsaur – Indore500
79AKishangarh(NH 8) – Nasirabad(NH 79)35
80Mokameh – Rajmahal – Farrakka310
81Kora – Katihar – Malda100
82Gaya – Bihar Sharif – Mokameh130
83Patna – Jahanabad – Gaya – Bodhgaya – Dhobi130
84Arrah – Buxar60
85Chhapra – Siwan – Gopalganj95
86Kanpur – Chhatarpur – Sagar – Bhopal – Dewas674
87Rampur – Pantnagar – Haldwani – Nainital83
88Shimla – Bilaspur – Hamirpur – Bhawan – NH 20115
90Baran – Aklera100
91Ghaziabad – Aligarh – Eta – Kannauj – Kanpur405
92Bhongaon – Etawah – Gwalior171
93Agra – Aligarh – Babrala – Chandausi – Moradabad220
94Hrishikesh – Ampata – Tehri – Dharasu – Kuthanur – Yamunotri160
95Kharar(Chandigarh) – Ludhiana – Jagraon – Ferozepur225
96Faizabad – Sultanpur – Pratapgarh – Allahabad160
97Ghazipur – Zamania – Saiyedraja45
98Patna – Aurangabad – Rajhara207
99Dobhi – Chatra – Chandwa110
100Chatra – Hazaribagh – Bagodar118
101Chhapra – Baniapur – Mohammadpur60
102Chhapra – Rewaghat – Muzaffarpur80
103Hajipur – Mushrigharari55
104Chakia – Sitamarhi – Jaynagar – Narahia160
105Darbhanga – Aunsi – Jaynagar66
106Birpur – Madhepura – Bihpur130
107Maheshkhunt – Sonbarsa Raj – Simri-Bakhtiarpur – Bariahi – Saharsa – Madhepura – Purnea145
108Dharasu – Uttarkashi – Yamunotri – Gangotri Dham127
109Rudraprayag – Guptkashi – Kedarnath Dham76
110Junction with NH 98 – Arwal – Jehanabad – Bandhuganj – Kako – Ekangarsarai Bihar Sharif – Junction with NH 3189
111Bilaspur – Katghora – Ambikapur on NH 78200
112Bar Jaitaran – Bilara – Kaparda – Jodhpur – Kalyanpur- Pachpadra – Baloootra – Tilwara – Bagundi – Dhudhwa – Madhasar – Barmer343
113Nimbahera – Bari – Pratapgarh – Zalod – Dahod240
114Jodhpur – Balesar – Dachhu – Pokaran180
116Tonk – Uniara – Sawai Madhopur80
117Haora – Bakkhali119
119Pauri – Najibabad – Meerut260
121Kashipur – Bubakhal252
123Barkot – Vikasnagar95
125Sitarganj – Pithorgarh201
150Aizwal – Churachandpur – Imphal – Ukhrul – Jessami – Kohima700
151Karimganj – Indo-Bangladesh border14
152Patacharkuchi – Indo-Bhutan Border40
153Ledo – Lekhapani – Indo-Myanmar – Border60
154Dhaleswar – Bairabi – Kanpui180
155Tuensang – Shamator – Meluri – Kiphire – Pfutsero342
200Raipur – Bilaspur – Raigarh – Kanaktora – Jharsuguda – Kochinda – Deoghar – Talcher – Chandikhole740
201Borigumma – Bolangir – Bargarh310
202Hyderabad – Warangal – Venkatapuram – Bhopalpatnam280
203Bhubaneswar – Puri59
204Ratnagiri – Kolhapur126
205Anantpur – Renigunta – Chennai442
206Tumkur – Shimoga – Honnavar363
207Hosur – Sarjapur – Devanhalli – Nelamangala155
208Kollam – kundara – kottarakkara – Punalur – Thenmala -Aryankavu – Sengottai – Tenkasi – Rajapalayam – Thirumangalam(Madurai)206
209Dindigul – Pollachi – Palani – Coimbatore – Annur – Kollegal – Bangalore456
210Trichy – Pudukottai – Devakottai – Ramanathapuram160
211Solapur – Osmanabad – Aurangabad – Dhule400
212Kozhikode – Mysore – Kollegal250
213Palghat – Kozhikode130
214Kathipudi – Kakinada – Pamarru270
214ADigamarru – Narsapur – Machilipatnam – Challapalle – Avanigadda – Repalle – Bapatla – Chirala – Ongole255
215Panikoili – Keonjhar – Rajamunda348
216Raigarh – Sarangarh – Saraipali80
217Raipur – Gopalpur508
218Bijapur – Hubli176
219Madanapalle – Kuppam – Krishnagiri150
220Kollam – Kottarakkara – Adoor – Kottayam – Pampady – Ponkunnam – Kanjirappalli – Mundakayam – Peermade – Vandiperiyar – Kumily – Theni265
221Vijaywada – Bhadrachalam – Jagdalpur329
222Kalyan – Ahmednagar – Tisgaon – Pathardi – Kharwandi – Balam Yelam – Jategaon – Kambi – Majalgaon – Pathri – Manwat – Parbhani – Nanded – Nirmal610
223Port Blair – Baratang – Mayabunder300
224Khordha – Nayagarh – Sonapur – Balangir298
226Perambalur – Manamadurai144
227Trichy – Chidambaram136
228Sabarmati Ashram – Nadiad – Anand – Surat – Navsari -Dandi374
229Tawang – Pasighat1,090
230Madurai – Thondi82
231Raibareli – Jaunpur169
232Ambedkarnagar (Tanda) – Banda305
232AUnnao – Lalganj (Junction of NH-232)68
233India-Nepal border – Varanasi292
234Mangalore – Belthangady – Belur – Huliyar – Sira – Chintamani – Venkatagirikota – Gudiyatham – Katpadi- Vellore – Thiruvannaamalai – Villuppuram [1]780
235Meerut – Hapur – Gulaothi – Bulandshahr66

abaut jain sahitay

राजस्थानी जैन साहित्य Rajasthan's Jain Literature
Posted: 19 Jun 2011 09:46 PM PDT
ख्यात साहित्य की परम्परा के जैसे ही, राजस्थान के इतिहास के लिए जैन साहित्य का भी विशेष महत्व है। यह साहित्य जैन मुनियों, आचार्यों तथा श्रावकों द्वारा लिखा गया मूलत: जैन धर्म के उपदेशों की विवेचना, तीथर्ंकरों की महत्ता, जैन मंदिरों के उत्सव, संघ यात्राओं के इत्यादि से सम्बन्धित है। किन्तु इससे कई ऐतिहासिक सूचनाओं का भी ज्ञान प्राप्त होता है। राजस्थान के प्रत्येक गांव और नगर में जैन श्रावकों का निवास है, अत: लगभग सभी स्थानों पर जैन मंदिर एवं उपासकों में जैन साधुओं का आवागमन रहता है। वर्षा के चार महिनों में साधु जन एक ही स्थान पर रहते हुए चतुर्मास व्यतीत करते हैं। जहां वे समय का सदुपयोग चिन्तन, मनन और प्रवचन में करते हैं। चिन्तन मनन के साथ-साथ उनमें साधु लेखन-पठन का कार्य भी करते हैं। ऐसा लेखन दो प्रकार को होता है-
(एक) प्राचीन जैन ॠषियों की प्रतिलिपि करना
(दो) निज अनुभव अन्य धार्मिक सामाजिक प्रक्रियाओं को आलेखाबद्ध करना।
इस प्रकार दोनों ही प्रकार के लेखन में प्रत्यक्ष या अप्रत्यक्ष रुप से तत्कालीन परिस्थितियों का समावेश हो जाना स्वाभाविक रहता है। यद्यपि इसमें कई बार श्रुति-परम्परा के कारण "इतिहास-भ्रम' की सम्भावनाएं भी रहती है पर इतिहास-बोध की दृष्टि से इनकी तथ्यपरकता इन्हें प्रमाणिक-साधन के समकक्ष रख देती है। सम्वत् तिथि एवं बार की सूचनाओं के रुप में उपासकों में रचित साहित्य राजस्थान ही नहीं वरन् भारतीय इतिहास की कई अनुमानित ऐतिहासिक घटनाओं की गुत्थियों को खोलने में सक्षम है। जैन मुनियों के पंच महाव्रतों में झूठ नहीं बोलने का एक व्रत है अत: जो कुछ उन्होंने देखा, सुना और परम्परा से प्राप्त हुआ, उसे उसी रुप में लिखने का भी प्रयत्न किया। इस दृष्टि से मि बात नहीं लिखी जाने के प्रति उन्होंने पूरी सावधानी रखी। जैनाचार्य एवं मुनियों को वैसे भी किसी राजा को, अधिकारी को या कर्मचारी को प्रसन्न करने के लिए सच्ची घटनाओं को छिपाने और कल्पित बातों को जोड़ने की आवश्यकता नहीं थी, इसीलिए अन्य कवियों और लेखकों की अपेक्षा इनके ग्रन्थ अधिक प्रामाणिक कहे जा सकते हैं।
तीर्थाटन और स्थान भ्रमण करते हुए जैन यात्रियों द्वारा राज्य, प्रांत, नगर, गांव, राजा, सामन्त, मंत्री, जैन एवं जैनेतर धार्मिक त्यौहार-उत्सव, जाति गोत्र आदि कई बातों का समावेश उनकी स्मृति में उत्कीर्ण हो जाता था एवं लेखन में विकीर्ण। इसीलिए जिनालय संग्रहित साहित्य को ऐतिहासिक सूचनाओं में महत्वपूर्ण साधन कहना एक ऐतिहासिक सत्य है।
प्राप्त जैन साहित्य भाषा की दृष्टि से संस्कृत, प्राकृत, अपभ्रंश, राजस्थानी के अतिरिक्त गुजराती एवं कन्नड़ भाषा में लिखा गया है।
संस्कृत, प्राकृत एवं अपभ्रंश में लिखे गए चरित या चरियउ में तीर्थकरों की स्तुति, गुरु उपासना अथवा साहित्यिक-नायक पर उद्धत कोई संदेश मुख्य विषय होता है। पर इनमें इतिहास के लिए भी सामग्री मिल जाती है, जैसे श्री कल्कासूरि चरितम अथवा कल्काचार्य कथानक से ज्ञात होता है कि ५७ इस्वी पूर्व शक नामक आक्रमणकारी जाति ने पश्चिम मालवा में राजस्थान के भू-भाग होते हुए प्रवेश किया था।
इसी प्रकार मुनि जिन विजय द्वारा सम्पादित प्राचीन जैन ग्रन्थ प्रभावक चरित मालवा क्षेत्र के अन्तर्गत राजस्थान के भू-भाग की सूचना प्रदान करता है।
"आवश्यक सूत्र नियुक्ति' जो कि ईसा की प्रथम शताब्दी में लिखी गई थी, इसकी टीका जो ११४१ ई. में पुन: सृजन की गई, में तत्कालीन राजस्थान के राजनीतिक जीवन ही नहीं वरन् सामाजिक-आर्थिक जीवन के विविध पक्षों का अच्छा उल्लेख करती है। "विमल सूरि' के प्राकृत में लिखे गए ग्रन्थ "पदःमचरिय' से १२वीं शताब्दी राजस्थान मुख्यत: जैसलमेर क्षेत्र के बारे में ज्ञात होता है यद्यपि इसका मूल ईसा की तीसरी सदी है। ७वीं ईस्वी तक ऐसे ही कई सूचनापरक जैन ग्रंथ अभी भी पूर्णत: खोज के विषय हैं।
चित्तौड़ क्योंकि प्राचीनकाल से ही जैनाचार्यो में आवागमन का मुख्य केन्द्र रहा था अत: यहां के एक प्रमुख जैन विद्वान एलाचार्य की शिष्य परम्परा में मुनी वीरसेन, जिनसेन, गुणभद्र, लोकसेन आदि द्वारा कई ग्रन्थ रचे गए थे। इनके लिखे ग्रंथों में मुख्यत: "जयधवला टीका', "गध कथामृतक' तथा उत्तर पुराण हैं। इनमें प्राचीन राष्ट्रकूट या राठौड़ वंश के शासकों का इतिहास मिलता है।
आचार्य हरिभद्र सूरि चित्तोड़ निवासी थे जिनका कार्यक्षेत्र भीनमाल रहा। इन्होंने "समराच्य कहा' एवं "धूर्तारन्यान' की रचना की थी। ९८७ ई. के लगभग लिखे इन ग्रन्थों में राजस्थान के जनजीवन के विविध पक्षों का वर्णन उपलब्ध होता है। "समराच्य कहा' को १२६७ ई. के लगभग पुन: प्रधुम्न सूरि द्वारा संक्षिप्त रुप में लिखा गया। इसमें पृथ्वीराज चौहान कालीन प्रशासनिक एवं आर्थिक व्यवस्था का कथावस्तु के अन्तर्गत उल्लेख किया हुआ प्राप्त होता है।
७७८ ई. में जालोर में लिखी गई अन्य प्राकृत जैन रचना "कुवलय माला कहा' भी प्रतिहार शासक वत्सराज के शासन और समाज का वर्णन करती है। उद्योतन सूरि द्वारा लिखी इस कहा अर्थात कथा में राजस्थान की धार्मिक दशा पर अच्छा प्रकाश डाला गया है। चन्द्रप्रभ सूरिकृत "प्रभावक चरित' तथा बप्पभट्टि प्रबन्ध में भी प्रतिहार शासकों के इतिहास पर टिप्पणियां उपलब्ध होती है। यह ग्रंथ नवीं शताब्दी में लिखे गए थे। परम्परा कालीन राजस्थान पर प्रकाश डालने वाले ग्रन्थों में जिनप्रभ सूरि द्वारा प्रणित "तीर्थकल्प' या विविध तीर्थ कल्प, मुनि चन्द्र का "अमर अरित' (११४८ ई.) के नाम लिए जा सकते हैं।
१२वीं शताब्दी के बधावणा-गीत से जैन साहित्य में प्रबन्ध-काव्य, फागु, चोपाई, उपलब्ध होने लगते हैं। विषय की दृष्टि से फागु में वसन्त ॠतु का स्वागत पूजा आदि का चित्रण, बधावणा-गीत में स्वागत के गीत उल्लेखित रहते हैं। इन स्रोतों में जैन इतिहास के साथ-साथ सांस्कृतिक इतिहास को जानने के लिए अच्छ विवरण प्राप्त होते हैं।
इसी सदी की जैन रास रचनाओं में १२३२ ई. में लिखा गया पाल्हण कृत नेमि जिणद रासो या आबू रास ऐतिहासिक सामग्री के लिए उपयोगी है। इस रासों में आबू में विमल मंत्री द्वारा बनवाए गए ॠषभदेव के मंदिर सहित सोलंकी नरेश लूण प्रसाद के मंत्री वास्तुपाल एवं तेजपाल द्वारा विभिन्न मंदिरों के निर्माण, जिर्णोद्धार एवं प्रतिमा-प्रतिष्ठा का वर्णन किया गया है।
१४वीं शताब्दी में महावीर रास (वि.सं. १३३९), जिन चद्र सूरि वर्णना रास आदि मुख्य है। इन रासों में दिल्ली सुल्तान कुतुबद्दीन का वर्णन आता है।
१५वीं शताब्दी में समयप्रभ गणि द्वारा लिखा गया "श्री जिनभद्र सूरि गुरुराज पट्टामभिषेक रास' में जैन समाज की धार्मिक प्रक्रियाओं के वर्णन में मेवाड़ के शासक राणा लाखा (१३८२ ई. से १४२१ ई.) के शासन पर भी प्रकाश डालता है।
वि.सं. १४४५ अर्थात् १३८८ ई. में चांद कवि ने भट्टारक देव सुन्दर जी रास एवं १५वीं शताब्दी में संग्रहित जिनवर्द्धन सूरि रास में आचार्य परम्परा के साथ ही राजस्थान के कुछ नगरों का वर्णन प्राप्त होता है।
रासों साहित्य के अतिरिक्त काव्य प्रबन्ध, चोपाई, विवाहलो आदि साहित्य विद्या के अन्तर्गत लिखी हुई ऐतिहासिक साहित्य कृतियों में चौहान के इतिहास हेतु १५वीं शताब्दी (१४०३ ई.) का ग्रंथ हमीर महाकाव्य मुख्य है। यह काव्य नयन चन्द्र सूरि द्वारा रण थम्भोर के चौहान शासकों के बारे में लिखा गया था।
वि.सं. १७४२/१७८५ ई. में लिखी गई "भीम चोपाई' की रचना कीर्तिसागर सूरि के एक शिष्य ने की थी। दक्षिणी राजस्थान की रियासत डूंगरपुर के शासक जसवन्त सिंह की रानी, डूंगरपुर के गांव जो चोपाई के अनुसार ३५०० थे, का उल्लेख, आसपुर के जागीरदार का उल्लेख, धुलेव अर्थात ॠषभदेव की यात्रा का वर्णन आदि विषय इस कृति में सम्मिलित हैं। इस प्रकार यह चोपाइ इतिहास के लिए उपयोगी सिद्ध हो सकती है। जैन-साहित्य में आचार्यादि द्वारा रचे गये गीतों का भी सूचना परक महत्व है, एक ओर गीत जहां प्राचीन घटनाओं की ऐतिहासिक जानकारी के बहुत बड़े साधन है, वहां दूसरी ओर तात्कालिक परिस्थितियों पर लोक हृदय की समीक्षा का विवरण भी इन गीतों में मिल जाता है।
इस प्रकार निष्कर्षत: कहा जा सकता है कि जैन साहित्य विवरणात्मक धार्मिक साहित्य की श्रेणी में आते हुए भी ऐतिहासिक सूचनाओं के लिए अच्छे साधन हैं।

abaut rajasthan

INFORMATION FOR RAJASTHAN

राजस्थान की चोहरी इसे एक पतंगाकार आकृति प्रदान करता है। राज्य २३ ० से ३० ० अक्षांश और ६९ ० से ७८ ० देशान्तर के बीच स्थित है। इसके उत्तर में पाकिस्तान, पंजाब और हरियाणा, दक्षिण में मध्यप्रदेश और गुजरात, पूर्व में उत्तर प्रदेश और मध्यप्रदेश एवं पश्चिम में पाकिस्तान है।
सिरोही से अलवर की ओर जाती हुई ४८० कि.मी. लम्बी अरावली पर्वत श्रृंखला प्राकृतिक दृष्टि से राज्य को दो भागों में विभाजित करती है। राजस्थान का पूर्वी सम्भाग शुरु से ही उपजाऊ रहा है। इस भाग में वर्षा का औसत ५० से.मी. से ९० से.मी. तक है। राजस्थान के निर्माण के पश्चात् चम्बल और माही नदी पर बड़े-बड़े बांध और विद्युत गृह बने हैं, जिनसे राजस्थान को सिंचाई और बिजली की सुविधाएं उपलब्ध हुई है। अन्य नदियों पर भी मध्यम श्रेणी के बांध बने हैं। जिनसे हजारों हैक्टर सिंचाई होती है। इस भाग में ताम्बा, जस्ता, अभ्रक, पन्ना, घीया पत्थर और अन्य खनिज पदार्थों के विशाल भण्डार पाये जाते हैं।
राज्य का पश्चिमी संभाग देश के सबसे बड़े रेगिस्तान "थारपाकर' का भाग है। इस भाग में वर्षा का औसत १२ से.मी. से ३० से.मी. तक है। इस भाग में लूनी, बांड़ी आदि नदियां हैं, जो वर्षा के कुछ दिनों को छोड़कर प्राय: सूखी रहती हैं। देश की स्वतंत्रता से पूर्व बीकानेर राज्य गंगानहर द्वारा पंजाब की नदियों से पानी प्राप्त करता था। स्वतंत्रता के बाद राजस्थान इण्डस बेसिन से रावी और व्यास नदियों से ५२.६ प्रतिशत पानी का भागीदार बन गया। उक्त नदियों का पानी राजस्थान में लाने के लिए सन् १९५८ में राजस्थान नहर (अब इंदिरा गांधी नहर) की विशाल परियोजना शुरु की गई। यह परियोजना सन् २००५ तक सम्पूर्ण होगी। इस परियोजना पर ३००० करोड़ रु. व्यय होने का अनुमान है। इस समय इस पर १६०० करोड़ रु. व्यय हो चुके हैं। अब तक ६४९ कि.मी. लम्बी मुख्य नहर पूरी हो चुकी है। नहर की वितरिका प्रणाली लगभग ९००० कि.मी. होगी, इनमें से ६००० कि.मी. वितरिकाएं बन चुकी है। इस समय १० लाख हैक्टेयर भूमि परियोजना के सिंचाई क्षेत्र में आ गई है। परियोजना के पूरी होने के बाद क्षेत्र की कुल १५.७९ लाख हैक्टेयर भूमि सिंचाई से लाभान्वित होगी, जिससे ३५ लाख टन खाद्यान्न, ३ लाख टन वाणिज्यिक फसलें एवं ६० लाख टन घास उत्पन्न होगी। परियोजना क्षेत्र में कुल ५ लाख परिवार बसेंगे। जोधपुर, बीकानेर, चुरु एवं बाड़मेर जिलों के नगर और कई गांवों को नहर से विभिन्न "लिफ्ट परियोजनाओं' से पहुंचाये गये पीने का पानी उपलब्ध होगा। इस प्रकार राजस्थान के रेगिस्तान का एक बड़ा भाग शस्य श्यामला भूमि में बदल जायेगा। सूरतगढ़ में यह नजारा इस समय भी देखा जा सकता है।
इण्डस बेसिन की नदियों पर बनाई जाने वाली जल-विद्युत योजनाओं में भी राजस्थान भागीदार है। इसे इस समय भाखरा-नांगल और अन्य योजनाओं के कृषि एवं औद्योगिक विकास में भरपूर सहायता मिलती है। राजस्थान नहर परियोजना के अलावा इस भाग में जवाई नदी पर निर्मित एक बांध है, जिससे न केवल विस्तृत क्षेत्र में सिंचाई होती है, वरन् जोधपुर नगर को पेय जल भी प्राप्त होता है। यह सम्भाग अभी तक औद्योगिक दृष्टि से पिछड़ा हुआ है। पर इस क्षेत्र में ज्यो-ज्यों बिजली और पानी की सुविधाएं बढ़ती जायेंगी औद्योगिक विकास भी गति पकड़ लेगा। इस बाग में लिग्नाइट, फुलर्सअर्थ, टंगस्टन, बैण्टोनाइट, जिप्सम, संगमरमर आदि खनिज पदार्थ प्रचुर मात्रा में पाये जाते हैं। जैसलमेर क्षेत्र में तेल मिलने की अच्छी सम्भावनाएं हैं। हाल ही की खुदाई से पता चला है कि इस क्षेत्र में उच्च कि की गैस प्रचुर मात्रा में उपलब्ध है। अब वह दिन दूर नहीं है जबकि राजस्थान का यह भाग भी समृद्धिशाली बन जाएगा।
राज्य का क्षेत्रफल ३.४२ लाख वर्ग कि.मी. है जो भारत के क्षेत्रफल का १०.४० प्रतिशत है। यह भारत का दूसरा सबसे बड़ा राज्य है। वर्ष १९९६-९७ में राज्य में गांवों की संख्या ३७८८९ और नगरों तथा कस्बों की संख्या २२२ थी। राज्य में ३२ जिला परिषदें, २३५ पंचायत समितियां और ९१२५ ग्राम पंचायतें हैं। नगर निगम २ और सभी श्रेणी की नगरपालिकाएं १८० हैं।
सन् १९९१ की जनगणना के अनुसार राज्य की जनसंख्या ४.३९ करोड़ थी। जनसंखाय घनत्व प्रति वर्ग कि.मी. १२६ है। इसमें पुरुषों की संख्या २.३० करोड़ और महिलाओं की संख्या २.०९ करोड़ थी। राज्य में दशक वृद्धि दर २८.४४ प्रतिशत थी, जबकि भारत में यह दर २३.५६ प्रतिशत थी। राज्य में साक्षरता ३८.८१ प्रतिशत थी. जबकि भारत की साक्षरता तो केवल २०.८ प्रतिशत थी जो देश के अन्य राज्यों में सबसे कम थी। राज्य में अनुसूचित जाति एवं अनुसूचित जनजाति राज्य की कुल जनसंख्या का क्रमश: १७.२९ प्रतिशत और १२.४४ प्रतिशत है।
१९९६-९७ के अन्त में प्राथमिक विद्यालय ३३८९, उच्च प्राथमिक विद्यालय १२,६९२, माध्यमिक विद्यालय ३५०१ और वरिष्ठ माध्यमिक विद्यालय १४०४ थे। उच्च शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में विश्वविद्यालय ६, "डीम्ड' विश्वविद्यालय ४, कला वाणिज्य और विज्ञान महाविद्यालय २३१, इंजीनियकिंरग कॉलेज ७, मेडिकल कॉलेज ६, आयुर्वेद महाविद्यालय ५ और पोलीटेक्निक २४ हैं। राज्य में हॉस्पिटल २९, डिस्पेंसरियां २७८, प्राथमिक स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र १६१६, सामुदायिक स्वास्थ्य केन्द्र २६१, शहरी सहायता केन्द्र १३, उपकेन्द्र ९४००, मातृ एवं शिशु कल्याण केन्द्र ११८ एवं अन्तरोगी शैय्या में ३६७०२ हैं। आयुर्वेद औषधालयो की संख्या ३५७१ और होम्योपैथी चिकित्सालयों की संख्या १४६८ और भ्रमणशील पशु चिकित्सालयों की संख्या ५३ है।
राज्य में पशुधन की संख्या ६ करोड़ से अधिक है। राज्य के सभी नगर एवं ३७,२७४ गांव सुरक्षित पेय जल योजना के अन्तर्गत आ चुके हैं। राज्य में सड़कों की कुल लम्बाई १,३८,००० कि.मी. थी और वाहनों की संख्या १९.८ लाख थी। इनमें कारों और जीपों की संख्या १,६० लाख थी।
१९९६-९७ में राज्य का सकल घरेलू उत्पाद स्थिर कीमतों पर लगभग १२४२० करोड़ रु. और सुद्ध घरेलू उत्पाद ११,०२१ करोड़ रु का था। राज्य में प्रति व्यक्ति आय २,२३२ रु. थी। उक्त वर्ष राज्य में खाद्यान्न उत्पाद १२७०२ लाख टन था और तिलहन तथा कपास का उत्पादन क्रमश: ४० लाख टन और १२.९५ लाख गांठें थी। राज्य में फसलों के अन्तर्गत कुल १७५ लाख हैक्टेयर क्षेत्र था। इसका २९ प्रतिशत सिंचित क्षेत्र था।
राज्य में १९९६ में शक्कर का उत्पादन ३१ हजार टन, वनस्पति घी का ३० हजार टन, नमक का ११ लाख टन, सीमेन्ट का ६६ लाख टन, सूती कपडे का ४५७ लाख मीटर और पोलिएस्टर धागे का उत्पादन ११५०० टन हुआ। प्रदेश में १९९६ में सार्वजनिक क्षेत्र में १०.१० लाख और निजी क्षेत्र में २.५६ लाख व्यक्ति कार्यरत थे। राज्य में बैंकों की कुल शाखाएं ३२१७ थीं, जिनमें क्षेत्रीय ग्रामीण बैंकों की १०७० शाखाएं

Genral awareness

1. In which State was the first non- Congress Government set up in Independent India?
[a] Punjab [b] Bihar
[c] Maharashtra [d] Kerala.
2. Cheep money means
[a] low rates of interest. [b] low level of saving.
[c] low level of income. [d] low level of standard of living.
3. Under the rules of the IMR, each member is required to declare the par value of its legal tender money in terms of the US dollars and
[a] Silver. [b] Gold.
[c] Pound Sterling. [d] Diamond.
4. The Government takes ‘Ways and means advances’ from
[a] RBI. [b] IDBI.
[c] SBI. [d] ICICI.
5. Kisan Credit Card Scheme was introduced in
[a] 1991. [b] 1996.
[c] 1998. [d] 2000.
6. Compared to the rich the poor save
[a] a large part of their income. [b] an equal part of their income.
[c] a smaller part of their income.[d] all of their incomes.
7. One of the main factors that led to rapid expansion of Indian exports is
[a] imposition of import duties. [b] liberalization of the economy.
[c] recession in other countries. [d] diversification of exports.
8. When too much money is chasing too few goods, the situation is
[a] Deflation. [b] Inflation.
[c] Recession. [d] Stagflation.
9. With which crop has Green Revolution been associated?
[a] Rice [b] Wheat
[c] Pulses [d] Sugarcane.
10. Who was the first Indian Governor-General of India ?
[a] B.R. Ambedkar [b] C.Rajagopalachari
[c] Dr. Rajendra Prasad [d] Dr. S. Radhakrishnan
11. A candidate, to become a member of the Rajya Sabha, should not be less than
[a] 21 years of age. [b] 25 years of age.
[c] 30 years of age. [d] 32 years of age.
12. Which Constitutional Amendment gave precedence to the Directive Principles of State Policy over Fundamental Rights?
[a] 42nd [b] 44th
[c] 52nd [d] 56th .
13. Nov. 26, 1949 is a significant day in the history of our constitution because
[a] India took a pledge of complete independence on this day.
[b] the Constitution was adopted on this day.
[c] India became a Republic on the day.
[d] the first amendment of the Constitution was passed on this day.
14. Which of the following expressions does not figure in the Preamble to the India Constitutions?
[a] Sovereign Democratic Republic
[b] Socialist [c] Secular
[d] Federal.
15. Which one of the following Presidents of India served for two terms?
[a] S.Radhakrishnan [b] Rajendra Prasad
[c] Zakir Hussain [d] V.V. Giri.
16. The maximum strength of the elected members of the House of the People [Lok Sabha] is
[a] 530. [b] 545.
[c] 540. [d] 550.
17. How many readings does a non-Money Bill have in each House of the Parliament?
[a] Two [b] Three
[c] Four [d] One.
18. Money Bill can be introduced in the State Legislative Assembly with the prior permission of the
[a] Governor of the State.
[b] Chief Minister of the State.
[c] Speaker of Legislative Assembly.
[d] Finance Minister of the State
19. The Prime Minister who was voted out of power by the Parliament was
[a] Indira Gandhi. [b] Morarji Desai.
[c] V.P. Singh. [d] Chandrashekhar.
20. The Union Parliament consists of
[a] the President of India.
[b] the Council of States [Rajya Sabha].
[c] the House of the People [Lok Sabha]
[d] All of these.
21. The Indian National Congress had passed the famous resolution on “Non-Cooperation” in 1920 as its session held at
[a] Lucknow. [b] Delhi.
[c] Bombay. [d] Calcutta.
22. Who is known as the ‘Grand Old Man of India’?
[a] Dadabhai Naoroji [b] Gopal Krishan Gokhale
[c] Bal Gangadhar Tilak [d] Surendranath Banerjee.
23. Which of the following can be considered as the most useful and outstanding reforms made by Lord Curzon, especially in respect of the people living in the undivided province of Punjab?
[a] Educational Reforms [b] Police Reforms
[c] Industrial Reforms [d] Agricultural Reforms
24. Who among the following was sent as an Ambassasdor to the royal court of Jahangir by James I, the then King of England?
[a] John Hawkins [b] William Todd
[c] Sir Thomas Roe [d] Sir Walter Raleigh.
25. ‘Dyarchy’ was introduced in the Government of India Act of
[a] 1909. [b] 1919.
[c] 1935. [d] None of these.
26. The transfer of Government from the ‘Company’ to the ‘Crown’ was pronounced by Lord Canning [Nov. 1, 1858] at
[a] Calcutta. [b] Delhi.
[c] Patan. [d] Allahabad.
27. The India National Congress and the Muslim League came closer to each other in 1916 at
[a] Lahore. [b] Amritsar.
[c] Lucknow. [d] Haripura.
28. The first General-Secretary of the Indian National Congress was
[a] Dadabhai Naoroji [b] A.O. Hume
[c] Ferozeshah Mehta [d] Badruddin Tyabji.
29. Raja Rammohun Roy organized a historic agitation against the
[a] caste system. [b] evil custom of sati.
[c] degrading position of women in society
[d] Practice of superfluous religious rituals.
30. “Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge…”
This was stated on the night of Aug. 14, 1947 by
[a] Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. [b] C.Rajagopalachari.
[c] Jawaharlal Nehru. [d] Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
31. The highest grade and best quality coal is
[a] Lignite. [b] Peat.
[c] Bituminous. [d] Anthracite.
32. The “Dark Continent” is
[a] Africa. [b] South America.
[c] Australia. [d] Asia.
33. Which one of the following is the wettest place in India?
[a] Mahabaleshwar [b] Cherrapunji
[c] Udhagamandalam [d] Mawsynram.
34. The approximate length of the coast-line of India is
[a] 5,500 km. [b] 6,000 km.
[c] 6,500 km. [d] 7,000 km.
35. The area with annual rainfall less than 50 cm in a year is
[a] Meghalaya. [b] Leh in Kashmir.
[c] Coromandel [d] Konkan coast.
36. Silent Valley of Kerala
[a] is the only evergreen forest in India.
[b] contains costly timber trees.
[c] is a good picnic spot.
[d] contains rare species of plants and animals.
37. The only sanctuary where Kashmir stag is found is
[a] Kanha. [b] Dachigam.
[c] Gir. [d] Mudumalai.
38. The Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel Ltd. is located at
[a] Bangalore. [b] Bhadravati.
[c] Mangalore. [d] Mysore.
39. Which dam of India is the highest?
[a] Mettur [b] Rihand
[c] Thein [d] Bhakra.
40. Of the gross cropped area in India, the foodgrains occupy
[a] more than 70 per cent. [b] 60 to 70 per cent.
[c] 50 to 60 per cent. [d] less than 50 per cent.
41. Kaziranga National Park is famous for
[a] Rhinoceros. [b] Tiger.
[c] Lion. [d] Crocodile.
42. The colour of human skin is produced by
[a] Haemoglobin. [b] Insulin.
[c] Adrenaline. [d] Melanin.
43. Which one of the following is not transmitted via blood transfusion?
[a] Hepatitis [b] Typhoid
[c] HIV [d] Malaria
44. Which of the following is a fish?
[a] Silverfish [b] Starfish
[c] Dogfish [d] Cuttlefish
45. Which of the following instruments is used to measure humidity?
[a] Kata Thermometer [b] Anemometer
[c] Sling Psychrometer [d] Clinical Thermometer
46. The period of revolution of a geostationary satellite is
[a] 24 hours [b] 30 days.
[c] 365 days. [d] changing, continuously.
47. The type of mirrors used in the headlamp of cars is
[a] parabolic concave [b] plane
[c] spherical convex [d] cylindrical concave
48. Nuclear explosive devices were tested in India at
[a] Sriharikota [b] Bangalore
[c] Pokharan [d] Kanchipuram
49. The gradation and standardization of agricultural products are conducted through
[a] Food Corporation of India.
[b] Directorate of Marketing and Inspection.
[c] Indian Standards Institution.
[d] Central Statistical Organization.
50. The luster of the metals is because of
[a] high density, due to closed packing of atoms.
[b] high polish
[c] reflection of light due to the presence of free electrons.
[d] absorption of light due to the presence of cavities
51. Flat footed camels can walk easily in sandy deserts because
[a] pressure on the sand is decreased by increasing the area of the surface in contact.
[b] pressure on the stand is increased by increasing the area of the surface in contact.
[c] pressure on the sand is decreased by decreasing the area of the surface in contact.
[d] pressure on the sand is increased by decreasing the area of the surface in contact.
52. The reason for a swimming pool to appear less deep than the actual depth is
[a] refraction. [b] light scattering.
[c] reflection. [d] interference.
53. Alternating current is converted into direct current by a
[a] transformer. [b] dynamo
[c] oscillator. [d] rectifier.
54. German silver used for making utensils is an alloy of
[a] copper, silver, nickel. [b] copper, zinc, nickel.
[c] copper, zinc, aluminium [d] copper, nickel, aluminium.
55. Which one of the following is used to dissolve noble metals?
[a] Nitric acid [b] Hydrochloric acid
[c] Sulphuric acid [d] Aqua regia.
56. Gunpowder was invented by
[a] Roger Bacon. [b] Colt.
[c] C.V. Raman. [d] Dr. Gatting.
57. The purity of gold is expressed in carats. The purest form of gold is
[a] 24 carats. [b] 99.6 carats.
[c] 91.6 carats. [d] 22 carats.
58. Petroleum consists of a mixture of
[a] Carbohydrates. [b] Carbonates.
[c] Hydrocarbons. [d] Carbides.
59. For which invention is Otto Hahn famous?
[a] Atom bomb. [b] Television
[c] X-rays [d] Miner’s safety lamp.
60. Which one of the following is not a plant product?
[a] Caffeine [b] Piperine
[c] Nicotine [d] Saccharin.
61. Which of the statements is correct about India’s national income?
[a] Percentage share of agriculture is higher than services
[b] Percentage share of industry is higher than agriculture
[c] Percentage share of services is higher than industry
[d] Percentage share of services is higher than agriculture and industry put together.
62. Who among the following has been appointed as the eleventh President of the World Bank for a five- year term with effect from July 1, 2007?
[a] John Wolfensohn [b] Paul Wolfowiz
[c] Robert Zoellick [d] David Morgan.
63. Who among the following has been awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2005?
[a] Aparna Sen [b] Govind Nihalani
[c] M.S. Sathyu [d] Shyam Benegal
64. Permanent Revenue Settlement of Bengal was introduced by
[a] Lord Clive [b] Lord Hastings
[c] Lord Wellesley [d] Lord Cornwallis
65. In which year was the Indian Space Research Organization [ISRO] founded?
[a] 1967 [b] 1969
[c] 1970 [d] 1974.
66. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
[a] Indonesia – Jakarta [b] Maldives –Male
[c] North Korea- Seoul [d] Zimbabwe- Harare.
67. Which of the following is the largest parliamentary constituency in terms of area?
[a] Barmer [Rajasthan] [b] Arunachal West [Arunachal Pradesh]
[c] Ladakh [Jammu & Kashmir] [d] Uttarakhand East [Uttarakhand]
68. The first Commonwealth Games were held in the year 1930 at
[a] London [the UK]. [b] Sydney [Australia]
[c] Hamilton [Canada]. [d] Auckland [New Zealand].
69. The Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty came into force in
[a] 1967 [b] 1970
[c] 1971 [d] 1974.
70. Which State of India has the largest percentage of poor?
[a] Bihar [b] Chhatrisgarh
[c] Orissa [d] Jharkhand
71. The island of Corsica is associated with
[a] Mussolini [b] Hitler
[c] Napolean Bonaparte. [d] Winston Churchill.
72. The headquarters of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries is located in
[a] Vienna. [b] Riyadh.
[c] Kuwait City. [d] Abu Dhabi.
73. When are the 19th Commonwealth Games scheduled to be held in Delhi?
[a] December, 2008 [b] November, 2009
[c] October, 2010 [d] February, 2011.
74. Jamini Roy distinguished himself in the field of
[a] Badminton [b] Painting
[c] Theatre [d] Sculpture.
75. What percentage of India population is below the official poverty line?
[a] Below 30 per cent [b] 30 per cent to 35 per cent
[c] Above 35 per cent but below 40 per cent
[d] Between 40 per cent and 45 per cent.
ANSWERS
1. [d] 2. [a] 3. [b] 4. [a] 5. [c]
6. [c] 7. [a] 8. [a] 9. [b] 10. [b]
11. [c] 12. [a] 13. [b] 14. [d] 15. [b]
16. [d] 17. [b] 18. [c] 19. [a] 20. [d]
21. [d] 22. [a] 23. [d] 24. [c] 25. [b]
26. [a] 27. [c] 28. [a] 29. [b] 30. [c]
31. [d] 32. [a] 33. [d] 34. [d] 35. [b]
36. [d] 37. [b] 38. [b] 39. [d] 40. [b]
41. [a] 42. [d] 43. [b] 44. [b] 45. [c]
46. [a] 47. [c] 48. [c] 49. [c] 50. [c]
51. [a] 52. [a] 53. [b] 54. [b] 55. [d]
56. [a] 57. [a] 58. [c] 59. [a] 60. [d]
61. [d] 62. [c] 63. [d] 64. [d] 65. [b]
66. [c] 67. [c] 68. [c] 69. [b] 70. [c]
71. [c] 72. [a] 73. [c] 74. [b] 75. [a]

farmula

Farmula